<p>The African Jackson Cemetery is a historic cemetery in the western part of the USA state of Ohio. Formed by a colony of more than 300 freedmen from Virginia, who were freed in the will of John Randolph of Roanoke, it has been the resting place for many. Active into the 20th century, it is one of the last extant physical remnants of Rossville, a black settlement founded near the city of Piqua in the late 1840s. The cemetery is listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its connection to the history of free people of color in pre-Civil War Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1820s, Virginia planter John Randolph of Roanoke, a US Congressman, wrote a succession of wills in which he planned for the manumission of his more than 600 slaves, together with providing money to relocate the freedmen to the free state of Ohio and buy land for them. He contradicted himself in various documents and failed to provide clear direction regarding which will was to be followed. Following his death in 1833, lawsuits were quickly filed to challenge probate of his estate, and twelve years passed before the litigation was finished and his 600 slaves futures were resolved. As ultimately resolved by the courts, his will provided for his slaves emancipation and transportation to a free state, and western Ohio was chosen as their destination.</p><br>
<p>Money from Randolph&#39;s estate was used to buy 2,000 acre in Mercer County, but the area was home to the freedmen for only a short while. They left due to hostility and discrimination by the whites living in the region. Some 383 freedmen migrated southward to Miami and Shelby counties. They developed the Randolph Slave Settlement, located just north of Piqua at Rossville, as one of many rural black settlements in pre-Civil War Ohio. Within the following decade, they established their own cemetery (1866) and school (1872). In contrast to the white Baptist cemetery, which was abandoned and thoroughly derelict by 1880, their African Jackson Cemetery was active well into the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1980s, comparatively little remained of the black settlement at Rossville; it had been absorbed by Piqua. The nearby York Rial House has been documented as the home of a prominent member of this black community. The cemetery is the chief surviving physical remainder of the community. For this reason, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and the York Rial House was added in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Agler–La Follette House is a historic house in Mifflin Township near Columbus, Ohio. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 14, 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>The home was originally built around 1824 for Frederick Agler who, with his family, was one of the first settlers to Mifflin Township in 1806. Agler would rise to prominence in the local community and later be elected Mifflin Township Justice of the Peace in 1811.</p><br>
<p>Aigler Alumni Building, formerly the College Hill School, is a historic building in Tiffin, Ohio, that was listed in the National Register on February 12, 1979. It is one of ten buildings on the Heidelberg University campus listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building is named for alumni Allan G. Aigler, Class of 1902, who was a trustee of the university from 1926–1960. The Aigler Alumni Building was purchased by Heidelberg University from the Tiffin City Board of Education in 1961, and was outfitted for use as a classroom, office, and laboratory building. It had previously functioned as an elementary school. In 2010 the Graduate Studies Office, psychology, criminal justice and political science moved into the building when the School of Business moved into the newly remodeled Adams Hall.</p><br>
<p>The James Akey Farm is a historic farmstead near the village of Mount Eaton in southeastern Wayne County, Ohio, United States. The farmhouse is primarily a sandstone structure, although with some newer elements of concrete; its roof is made of metal. A plain structure without ornate architectural details, it is a large residence that architectural historians have seen as imposing and highly proportional.</p><br>
<p>Located in a rural valley, the Akey farm is far from any other farmsteads. After a period of Amish ownership, during which most of the present outbuildings were constructed, the farm came under the ownership of the Wilderness Center, and it has accordingly been converted into a museum known as the "Stark Wilderness Center Pioneer Farm." The only Wilderness Center property in southeastern Wayne County, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, due both to its well-preserved historic architecture and its place in local history.</p><br>
<p>Akron Post Office and Federal Building is a historic former post office building in Akron, Ohio. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The building was begun in 1927 and completed in 1929 to the designs of US Treasury architects under Acting Supervising Architect James A. Wetmore. The building is an example of Beaux-Arts architecture. It has not been used as a post office since 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Akron Public Library is located on the north-east corners of East Market Street and South High Street in downtown Akron, Ohio, United States. Also known as the Carnegie Building, it was built in 1904 using a donation of $82,000 from USA industrialist Andrew Carnegie. It was designed by Akron architect Frank O. Weary and is an example of Beaux Arts Classicism. It served as Akron&#39;s public library from 1904 to 1942, and as an art museum from 1922 to 1932 before being converted to office space. The building is currently occupied by Brennan, Manna & Diamond, LLC.</p><br>
<p>It was the first permanent home of the Akron Art Institute, from 1948 to 1981.</p><br>
<p>It is a monumental one-story block building, faced with "smooth-dressed coursed ashlar of Ohio buff sandstone. Elements of Beaux Arts style are its colossal columns, its detailed entablature, and parapet. Elements of French Renaissance sub-style are its mansard roof, the projecting front pavilion, and the "grotesque mask above the entry". It was regarded as one of Weary&#39;s best works.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on January 19, 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Library</p><br>
<p>Museum</p><br>
<p>Office space</p><br>
<p>Akron YMCA Building is a registered historic building in Akron, Ohio, listed in the National Register on October 31, 1980. Although the YMCA is still in the building for which it is named, they no longer own the building, and now lease their space  from the owner.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1980s to early 1990s, the main portion of the center of the building underwent extensive remodeling, and now consists of 55 apartment units (some consisting of two-story "townhouse" units, including a secured two-level penthouse unit). It also has office space on the first floor and basement level, and has a secured garage in the basement of the building. Tenants of the building are not given access to the YMCA just because they are tenants; a membership must be purchased. Likewise, members of the YMCA do not have access to the apartments or offices, unless they are also leasing space.</p><br>
<p>In 2008, the building was highlighted by the City of Akron, Ohio as one of seven historic landmark buildings in the City of Akron, during a year-long celebration of the history of the city.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Akron Area YMCA was founded in 1870. After renting space for almost 25 years, in 1904 they moved into their first building, built downtown by architects Bunts & Bliss. In the 1920s, planning for the new building was begun. The new building was designed by John R. Luxmore of Good & Wagner, a local firm also responsible for the Akron Municipal Building. Construction of the Art Deco building began in 1930 and was completed in 1931. It was intended to be used as most YMCA branches were used in that era: a Christian organization that was meant to give people a place to eat, stay for short or long terms, and worship. The exercise facilities in place today were used for a variety of different reasons then, but it was originally constructed with an indoor pool which is still in use. The main part of the building was used as living space for many of its members (of both sexes), and was the only place some could turn when they had not much else.</p><br>
<p>In the 1970s and 1980s, the living spaces fell further and further into disrepair, and was one of the reasons the building was sold for renovation.</p><br>
<p>Akron Fulton International Airport Administration Building is a registered historic building in Akron, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 2001-12-21.</p><br>
<p>The administration building is a significant contribution to the development of early commercial aviation in Akron. Its Art Deco architecture and its design are a good representation of the development of airports during the first major expansion of air travel in the 1920s and 1930s. The administration building is located just north of the runways and the Goodyear Airdock, which was built in 1929. The Akron City Council authorized construction of the terminal in 1930, with construction completed and the terminal opening on June 15, 1931.</p><br>
<p>The location and layout of the terminal was influenced by the City Beautiful movement, originally reached through a landscaped traffic circle and at the end of a boulevard-like parking area with lines of trees. The terminal building is in an Art Deco style, with a facade built of cream-colored brick and terra cotta detailing with cream, muted orange, and soft green colors.</p><br>
<p>The terminal served commercial air traffic until 1962, when the Akron–Canton Airport opened to the south. The customs and administrative offices continued to serve traffic from Canada, as well as small aircraft traffic, until the early 1990s. At that time, the property was sold, and the terminal was adaptively reused as Cafe Piscatelli, an Italian restaurant. It has since been adaptatively reused a second time as a facility for locally-based Theken Companies.</p><br>
<p>The Alameda Apartments is a historic apartment building at the northeast corner of 7th Street and Elberon Avenue in Zanesville, Ohio, United States. Built circa 1910, the building was one of many apartments constructed during Zanesville&#39;s industrial and population boom of the early twentieth century. While the architect of the Gothic Revival building is unknown, it was most likely designed by Zanesville architect Harry C. Meyer. The two-story brick building includes a storefront on one corner and first- and second-floor apartments in the rest of its space. Its design features a bell-shaped gable at one corner, two oriel windows topped by small gables, brick corbels throughout, and dormers and brick chimneys projecting from the roof.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 17, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Aaron Aldrich House is a historic house located at 30663 Lake Road in Bay Village, Ohio. It is locally significant as an exceptionally well-preserved example of a Federal period farmhouse.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story, Federal style house was built in 1829 by Rhode Island native Aaron Aldrich, a skilled craftsman, and one of the towns early settlers. It has historically been used as a single dwelling. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 4, 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Alkire House is a historic residence in the Columbus suburb of Westerville, Ohio, United States. Constructed during the middle of the nineteenth century and used both as a residence and as a slave-smuggling safehouse, it retains much of its original fabric, and it has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Garrit Sharp was one of the earliest settlers in Westerville. A conspicuous local Methodist, Sharp was among the pillars of the Methodist Church in the city: he gave land for the construction of its first building, and he also contributed to the establishment of the Blendon Young Men&#39;s Seminary, a predecessor institution of Otterbein University. Like other prominent Methodists, Sharp was an active participant in the Underground Railroad, helping to ferry runaway slaves from modern-day metro Columbus to a Quaker community in Morrow County to the north.</p><br>
<p>Sharp constructed the Alkire House in 1849, following plans found in a builder&#39;s handbook. Here he lived for part of his life, surrounded by family members: some of his sons lived nearby along State Street or Africa Road. Like their father, the sons were active Underground Railroad participants, and slaves would often be conveyed to any of the houses in the complex.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Alkire House is a brick building with an asphalt roof, decorated with elements of wood and stone. A chimney is constructed at each end of the main building, to which is attached a large one-story rear addition. Five bays wide, the facade features windows with shutters surrounding a central main entrance. This door is approached by a wooden porch with a distinctive balustrade under the eaves, and sidelights frame the doorway. Masonry is employed throughout the construction; the foundation mixes brick and stone, while the windows and doorways uniformly feature stone lintels.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>In early 1978, the Alkire House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historically significant architecture. It is one of fourteen National Register-listed locations citywide; among the others are several buildings associated with the Otterbein University campus as well as the home of Garrit&#39;s son Stephen Sharp, one of the Africa Road houses that was used for slave-transporting purposes.</p><br>
<p>All Saints Episcopal Church is a historic building in Portsmouth, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>It is located at 610 4th Street. The main mass of the church building was constructed in 1850 by William Newman and is an example of Gothic Revival architecture, the first of that style in Portsmouth. It was built in four sections the first in 1833. Sitting on a stone foundation the brick building has multiple steeply pitched gable roofs. Windows are separated by buttresses and topped by lancet arches. The main section, built in 1850, is a 52 by nave with a high altar. A two-story tower with paired narrow windows rises from the southwest corner of the nave. The facade of this mass has a large central rose window and two compounded gothic arch entries each with double vertical board doors. The section of the building called the guild hall was built in two sections. The first, from 1833, was the original church and retains its original 47 by stone foundation. A section was added to the west in the 1880s with a brick foundation and fenestration and buttresses similar to the main mass. The entries to the guild hall section have Tudor arches. Another addition was made in 1953 consisting of a two-story 60 by cement block with parish house, offices and classrooms.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1855 it was the first public building in the city to use gas lighting. It has survived an interior fire in 1893 and extensive flood damage in the Ohio River flood of 1937.</p><br>
<p>On June 23, 1819, the Episcopal Parish of All Saints of Portsmouth, Ohio was organized in the home of John Smith. The first rector, installed on June 19, 1831, was Henry Caswell. A sanctuary was built on the church property in 1833, the church website states that the cornerstone for this building was the first for any church in the Portsmouth area. The main building was erected in 1850. The nave was updated in 1972 then in 1995 it was restored. Remaining original furnishings include the baptismal font, the low altar and an original pew. A chalice from the 1820 visit of Philander Chase, Bishop of Ohio is on display in the narthex set in a niche. It was listed in the National Register on March 25, 1982, significant primarily as striking example of Gothic Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>An organ originally built in 1962 by the Schlicker Organ Co. of Buffalo, New York and renovated and updated by Peebles–Herzog Inc. of Columbus, Ohio in 2006 is installed in the church.</p><br>
<p>All Souls Unitarian Universalist Church, built in 1894 in the Richardsonian Romanesque style is a historic building located at 25 Church Street in Bellville, Ohio. On January 1, 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>All Souls held its first services in 1822 using circuit riders. The first meeting house was on the east side of Main Street. Official organization of the church was in 1847 and the first building of Western Reserve Italianate design was constructed near the corner of Church and Bell Streets in 1851.</p><br>
<p>The current building, a Richardsonian Romanesque style structure, was constructed in 1894–1897. D. L. Briggs of Cleveland was the architect. The sandstone came from the Cyrus Gatton Farm on Ohio Route 97, east of Bellville, and another quarry west of the village. Stones were cut to fit and the cornerstone laid in 1894. Native lumber was used for the rough structure. The fourteen stained glass windows were ordered through an importing firm in Boston and came from Germany. The building was dedicated in 1897.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>All Souls is a member church in good standing of the Unitarian Universalist Association. As of 2019, the church had 64 members.</p><br>
<p>The Allen County Courthouse is an historic courthouse building located at the corner of North Main Street & East North Street in Lima, Ohio, United States. In 1974, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Allen County was formed in 1820 and Lima was selected as the county seat. The first courthouse was a simple log structure consisting of two floors, a small hipped roof and a single chimney. The courthouse served the county until 1840 when the county realized the space was not adequate for the growing population. A contest was announced and seventeen bids were submitted. The contract was awarded to Orlando Boughton and was designed in the Classical Revival style. The amount was $13,325 and construction was underway.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was two stories tall and was built out of brick and stone. Pilasters lined the facade between the long windows with dark shutters. The entrance was framed with four fluted Doric columns supporting a portico. A square drum rose from the roof and supported large rectangular windows capped with a dome ending in a weather vane. The tower contained a large bell which rang periodically through the years, including the 14th of April in 1865 in honor of the slain president, Abraham Lincoln.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse standing today is the county&#39;s third. It was built between 1881 and 1884 at a cost of $360,000 by architect George H. Maetzel. The courthouse was designed in the Second Empire style, popular at the time.</p><br>
<h2>Exterior</h2><br>
<p>The stone foundation is smooth sandstone. The ground floor has recessed rectangular windows. The southern center pavilion projects from the facade and is flanked by mansard-roofed towers which used to be topped with windows. A statue of an eagle once topped the pediment.</p><br>
<p>The main entrance is reached by a flight of stairs and a small landing leading to a story arch. The windows of the main floor are high rectangular panels, the windows on the floor above are high arched panes. Above the main entrance rises a pediment that was once topped by the statue of Justice.</p><br>
<p>The tower rises above the roof and consists of two bases stacked one on top the other. A dome with a four faced clock sits on the base. The dome narrows to a small spire.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s the courthouse was remodeled and updated. At this time the new Justice Center was built next door. The two buildings are connected by an overhead walkway. The new addition was constructed in the same colors to match the courthouse and houses a jail, several courtrooms and the sheriff&#39;s administrative offices.</p><br>
<p>Allen Memorial Medical Library is located along Euclid Avenue on the campus of Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Completed in 1926, the building was named in honor of Dudley P. Allen. Designed by the Cleveland firm of Walker and Weeks in a classical revival style, it was constructed with Indiana limestone on a pink Georgia marble base. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1982-11-30 and is a Cleveland Landmark. Along with serving as a library, the building&#39;s 450 seat auditorium serves as classroom for students of Case Western Reserve University.</p><br>
<p>In addition to housing a portion of the Cleveland Health Sciences Library (CHSL), it is also home of the Dittrick Museum of Medical History. The building is managed by the Cleveland Medical Library Association (CMLA) in a partnership with Case Western Reserve University.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Library</p><br>
<p>The Darlon Allen House is a historic residence located near Wellington in southern Lorain County, Ohio, United States. One of the most significant farmhouses in an area known for its historically important architecture, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>Built with weatherboarded walls, the Allen House rests on a brick foundation and is covered with a metal roof. Its basic plan features two large components: a single-story section with a covered porch, and a partially pedimented two-story section. Doors are set in both sections, with shuttered windows occupying much of the remaining wall space; the two-story section is divided into three bays by the door and windows, while the single-story section features spaces for three windows in addition to its door. Smaller features include narrow columns supporting the porch roof and a fanlight in the gable of the two-story section.</p><br>
<p>Constructed in 1830, the Darlon Allen House was built by a carpenter named Orlando Barker; among the other owners have been R.A. Horr, a Mr. Dirlam, and E.R. Allen. By the 1930s, the house had been permitted to decline greatly, but after it first gained attention from a historic site survey, the owners began to restore it. The house was the subject of a Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) study in 1937, and HABS photographer Jack Boucher documented it in 1971.</p><br>
<p>For many years, the road between Huntington Center and Wellington (now State Route 58) has possessed a reputation of architectural distinction: numerous Greek Revival farmhouses from the mid-19th century still stand on both sides of the road, giving it a historically unique built environment. Along with many of their outbuildings, these houses are among the regions best Greek Revival buildings, due in part to the areas early prosperity and long decline: after growing rapidly in its early years, Huntington Township declined after 1850, and the remaining residents continued using their older buildings instead of building new ones. In 1979, many of the houses on State Route 58 south of Wellington were listed on the National Register of Historic Places via a multiple property submission. The Allen House was among these, qualifying both because of its place in the area&#39;s history and because of its historically significant architecture; it was included because of its exceptional degree of preservation, even when compared to the other houses in this exceptionally well-preserved stretch of road. Two agricultural outbuildings were included in the designation, as well as the main house.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Peter Allen House is a registered historic building near Kinsman, Ohio, listed in the National Register on 1971-09-03. It currently operates as the Peter Allen Inn & Event Center, a small inn and wedding venue.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Peter Allen House was built by architect Willis Smith in 1821 for Kinsman doctor Peter Allen. In 1808, Peter Allen relocated to Kinsman. He would later become the town&#39;s first medical doctor.</p><br>
<p>In addition, architect Smith built the Kinsman Presbyterian Church, as well as several other buildings around the Kinsman community. Smith also built the home for John Kinsman, for whom the township is named. The home originally cost $3,000 on a $2-an-acre lot.</p><br>
<p>Allen became a skilled surgeon during the War of 1812. Allen first married in 1813 to Charity Dudley, who died in a runaway carriage accident in 1840. He would later marry Fanny Starr, the niece of General Simon Perkins.</p><br>
<p>At an unspecified date, Allen and his family moved to Oberlin. The house was then purchased by the Reverend James Plant. In 1903, the grandson of Peter Allen, Dr. Dudley Allen, negotiated with the Plant family descendants and purchased the woodwork from the parlor and had it transferred to Cleveland to be used for two separate homes. When the second home, built by Dudley Allen, was torn down the fittings were stored at the Western Reserve Historical Society until replaced after 51 years in the original Kinsman home.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>Over time, the property changed hands.</p><br>
<p>Restoring the property was greatly furthered by an initiative during the Great Depression. The Works Progress Administration sent draftsmen across the country to document historic structures, including the Allen house. Years later, preservation projects on the Peter Allen House continued.</p><br>
<p>In 1938, the building was listed in the Library of Congress. During the 1970s, only three families had occupied the Peter Allen House. Mrs. Alice Blaemire purchased the house sometime during the 20th century, opening it up as a tea room and for private dinners and parties.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Richard Thompson and his wife, Rhonda, purchased the property in 2008, with aspirations in mind to preserve its history, but add a new chapter to it. The Business Journal reported; "Thompson is a founding partner and owner of Therm-O-Link Inc., an electrical wire and cable manufacturer with plants in Warren, Garrettsville and Texas. When he stepped down from active operations of the company in 1993, he turned to farming. He had started his Kinsman farm as a hobby when his son graduated from high school in the mid-1990s and decided to pursue agriculture as a career."</p><br>
<p>Previously, the Thompsons purchased Peter Allens home from the Alice Blaemire estate. Soon after purchasing the property, in 2010, the couple started the Richard and Rhonda Thompson Foundation. The foundation would focus primarily on the restoration and preservation of historic structures.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, the Peter Allen House opened as the Peter Allen Inn & Event Center. The home has hosted weddings, bridal and baby showers, bereavement dinners, reunions, corporate retreats and a prom for a local charter school.</p><br>
<p>The Alliance Bank Building is a historic bank building in Alliance, Ohio, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Alliance Bank Company was founded in 1872 and operated out of a different three-story building. The building at 502 East Main Street was built in, designed by Lewis W. Thomas. In 1923, the Alliance Bank Company merged with First National Bank, and architectural firm Walker and Weeks built an addition at the rear of the building and renovated the interior. The bank occupied the first floor, with the five upper floors as commercial office space. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 28, 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a six-story structure with a three-story addition at the rear with a matching appearance. The building has an Italian Renaissance Revival style. The first floor and exposed basement are faced in sandstone, with the upper floors faced in sandstone-colored brick.</p><br>
<p>The Alliance Clay Product Company District is a historic district in Alliance, Ohio, United States. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, it includes twelve contributing properties.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Alliance Clay Product Company was chartered in 1905, as a company for "the purpose of the manufacturing, selling and dealing in brick, paving blocks, building blocks, sewer pipe, drain tile and all kinds of clay product". The buildings themselves were built beginning in 1906, the year the company was founded by James B. Wilcox. By 1907, the single plant was producing 18,000 bricks a day. Plant No. 2 was built in 1914, followed by Plant No.3 in 1924, for a total production capacity of 275,000 bricks a day. Company houses were also built on property, beginning in the 1920s. Gas burners were installed in kilns on site beginning in 1929, following the discovery of a daily supply of 1,500,000 cubic feet of gas on the property.</p><br>
<p>Production began to decline in the 1960s, due to a rise in other road surfacing materials increasingly replacing paving bricks. Production finally ceased in 1970.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<p>Manufacturing Facility</p><br>
<p>The Alligator Effigy Mound is an effigy mound in Granville, Ohio, United States. The mound is believed to have been built between AD 800 and 1200 by people of the Fort Ancient culture. The mound was likely a ceremonial site, as it was not used for burials.</p><br>
<p>Located on privately owned land, Alligator Mound is one of two extant effigy mounds known in the present-day state of Ohio, along with Serpent Mound in Adams County, Ohio. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1971. Effigy mounds were built more often by ancient indigenous peoples located in the areas of the present-day states of Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin than in the Ohio area, and many have survived there.</p><br>
<h2>Survey history</h2><br>
<h3>Squier and Davis: 1848</h3><br>
<p>Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis surveyed the privately held site in Granville, Ohio for the Smithsonian Institution and reported their findings in their 1848 publication Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. They described the site as "strange." They report the location of the work as being 150 to 200 feet in height. They note that people in the area called it "the alligator," "although the figure bears as a close resemblance to the lizard as any other reptile." The head of the effigy points towards the southwest. The work totaled 250 feet in length from head to tail. The body was noted at 40 feet wide, and each leg was measured at 36 feet. They describe the ends of the paws as being "a little broader than the remaining portions of the same, as if the spread of those toes had been originally indicated."</p><br>
<p>Squier and Davis note that the head, shoulders and rump of the effigy are higher than the rest of the body. The height of the mound ranges from four feet to six feet. In the middle of the effigy was a small mound, which they believed was used as an altar. Stones covered the altar, with marks from being lit on fire in the past. A graded way was made from the altar to the "top of the effigy." The graded way is ten feet wide. They note evidence of excavation in parts of the effigy with little disturbance to the site. Through excavation they determined that the site is made of clay and that the clay had been imported from another area. They also noted that no historical excavation, made by the creators of the effigy, was found in the region.</p><br>
<p>They examine the headland where the mound is built. They describe it as a "beautifully rounded spur of land," and question if the site was rounded by humans to create such a rounded place. During their visit, they also noticed that damage had been done to the headland. They note that other earthworks can be seen from the top of the headland, specifically those in the Newark group.</p><br>
<p>After their survey, Squier and Davis concluded that the site was used for sacrifices or "on stated or extraordinary occasions,".</p><br>
<h3>Lepper and Frolking: 1999</h3><br>
<p>In 1999, Brad Lepper and Tod A. Frolking conducted a professional archaeological investigation of the mound. By radiometric dating of a piece of charcoal recovered from the base of the mound, they estimate its construction to have been 1,000 years BP (about AD 950). Lepper suggests that the Alligator Mound is an effigy of an underwater panther, a powerful figure in Native American myth. He thinks that early European settlers misinterpreted what Native Americans told them about the effigy. They were told that it was a fierce creature that lived in the water and ate people, which they assumed to be an alligator.</p><br>
<p>The Francis D. Alling House is a historic house at 323 East Avenue in Tallmadge, Ohio. Owner Francis D. Alling, a local builder and craftsman, built the house for himself in 1875 after living in an older house on the property for over a decade. Alling designed the house in the Italianate style, which he also used for several other houses in the area. The two-story house features a tower at its southeast corner which reaches a story above the main house and is topped by a mansard roof. The house&#39;s design also includes a full front porch with a bracketed cornice, a projecting bay, and bracketed eaves. Three outbuildings are present on the property: a bank barn that predates the house, an outhouse, and a modern garage.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed in the National Register on November 30, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Alta Public Library is a historic library building in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Designed by noted New York City architect George B. Post, the building  was an addition to the existing Alta House, a settlement house for the Italian American community in Cleveland. Although Alta House burned in 1980 and was demolished in 1981, the library survived undamaged.</p><br>
<p>The Alta Public Library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 4, 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Construction of Alta House and the Alta Public Library</h2><br>
<p>In 1895, billionaire oilman John D. Rockefeller, Sr. agreed to fund the construction of a settlement house consisting of a kindergarten and day care nursery in the Little Italy area of Cleveland, Ohio. It was named Alta House, in honor of Rockefeller&#39;s daughter, Alta. Charles W. Hopkinson, a noted local architect, was commissioned to design the building, which opened in 1899.</p><br>
<p>In 1910, Rockefeller agreed to fund the expansion of Alta House to include a gym, library, and swimming pool. George B. Post designed the Neoclassical addition to Alta House as well as the library. The library opened on February 10, 1914.</p><br>
<h2>Fire and loss of Alta House</h2><br>
<p>A fire struck the Alta House portion of the complex on June 22, 1980, doing $40,000 ($ in dollars) in damage. A second fire on July 1 caused $8,000 ($ in dollars) in damages. although over time an electrical fault was found to be the cause of the first fire. Arsonists struck the building again twice more in the following weeks, although each blaze was small. The cumulative effect of the fires was to force Alta House programs to use the Alta Public Library building for programming.</p><br>
<p>City officials determined that the damage to Alta House was too extensive, and condemned the structure on November 12, 1980. Alta House officials decided to tear down the structure after determining that the cost of repairs would be more than $1 million ($ in dollars), and that no company would insure the structure. Only the main building was razed, saving the Alta House swimming pool and gymnasium. The Alta Public Library was undamaged.</p><br>
<p>A new structure to house Alta House opened in May 1982. This consisted of a much smaller building (essentially a wing of the library), two stories in height. Bocce courts replaced much of the site of the old building.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, the Alta Public Library received a major refurbishment. Overseen by Cleveland architect Joseph Linek, the $1.6 million ($ in dollars) renovation (partially funded by $240,000 ($ in dollars) in historic preservation tax credits) included conservation, restoration, and refurbishment of the original oak floors, window wells, windows, and cornice brickwork. The Cleveland Montessori School joined the library in taking up residence in the renovated structure.</p><br>
<p>The Charles Rice Ames House is a historic residence in the city of Belpre, Ohio, United States. Built in 1843 in the Greek Revival style of architecture,</p><br>
<p>Charles Rice Ames contracted with local builder Daniel Fischer to construct his house in the 1840s. Fischers design was a two-story structure, and frame walls. The floor plan of the residence is composed of a rectangular central section, plus wings on each side that project 15 ft from the center. Among the distinctive architectural features of the house are pediments and gables on the facade. Years after serving as Ames home, the house was owned by Roger and Carol Lynn Patton.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Ames House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying for the Register because of its historic architecture, which was seen as significant throughout the local area. It is one of four Belpre locations on the Register, along with the Sixth Street Railroad Bridge, the Captain Jonathan Stone House, and Spencer&#39;s Landing.</p><br>
<p>Anderson Schoolhouse is a registered historic building near Ashland, Ohio, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1977-03-25. It is located at 1202 US 42 South, in Milton Township, Ashland County, Ohio. It was known as the No. 5 district out of seven in the township.</p><br>
<p>It is the only one-room schoolhouse in Ashland County and the only building in Milton Township on the National Register. In 1976 a restoration committee researched the schoolhouse and completed the application process for the National Register. Mrs. Carlton (Ruth) Emmons served as chairman of this committee with Mrs. Joe (Lois) Oberholtzer as secretary, John Rowe as treasurer, and Harry (Bill) Fox, Robert Frey, and Mrs. Robert Thompson as members.</p><br>
<p>The land for the schoolhouse was given from the farm of Albert Fike,</p><br>
<p>A brick structure with a slate roof and locally quarried stone was built on this site in 1889. It has an addition on the back and electricity, but it still does not have indoor plumbing. The original bell is missing.</p><br>
<p>The 1938–39 school year was the last time students were taught in the Anderson Schoolhouse because the school consolidated into Ashland City School District.</p><br>
<p>Two Ashland University education professors, Dr. Jason Ellis and Dr. Carla Abreu-Ellis, purchased the house from Emmons in September 2014. The restored, one-room school now serves as a museum, “providing immersive living history experiences to children of all ages.” Field trips allow school children, who are encouraged to wear period clothing, to reenact a nineteenth-century school day.</p><br>
<p>Judge William Shaw Anderson House is a building in Austintown, Ohio, United States, listed in the National Register of Historic Places on 1976-03-17. It is also known as the "Strock Stone House."</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single Dwelling</p><br>
<h3>History of the Strock Stone house</h3><br>
<h4>1831 to 1890</h4><br>
<p>The Judge William Shaw Anderson house, also known as the Strock Stone House, was built in 1831 of huge blocks of sandstone, some weighing as much as 750 pounds, quarried from Stony Ridge on South Turner Road in Austintown.</p><br>
<p>The 1921 publication, History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley, says the Strock Stone house was built in 1830 by William McClure. However, the first residents were William Strock and his family. Strock was born June 12, 1801, to Joseph Strock and Betsy Bensinger Strock in Tyrone Township, Pennsylvania. Strock&#39;s entire family migrated to Austintown in 1813 or 1815. The Strocks settled in the southern part of Austintown township near the Smiths Corner area. William became a carpenter and married Lydia Crum. The couple had three children, two of whom died as infants. In 1830, Strock bought 87 acre of land in Great Lot 8, Township 2, Range 3 of the Western Reserve from John Jordan and had McClure build the house there.</p><br>
<p>In 1851, Strock sold the house and the accompanying 108 acre to Francis Henry. Henry was active in the Restoration (reformed Baptist) movement. The Strock Stone house was reputedly a stop on the Underground Railroad that smuggled fugitive slaves to safety in Canada. This claim has yet to be proven, but some evidence appears to support it. Austintown was listed in Galbreaths History of Ohio as part of the path of the Underground Railroad that included "Salineville, New Lisbon, Canfield, Austintown, Edinburgh, Warren, Bloomfield, Rome, Lenox, Austinburg, Ashtabula Harbor." William Strocks brother, John Henry Strock, was described as one of the first abolitionists in Mahoning County. Additionally, Francis Henry appears on William Seiberts 1898 list of known underground railroad operators in Mahoning County. Finally, Heffelfingers unpublished History of Meander says that slaves were hidden in a tunnel that connected the house basement with the barn. Henry lived in the Strock Stone house with his wife, Mary, and their four children.</p><br>
<p>In 1863, Henry sold the Strock Stone house to David Anderson. Anderson was a native of Derry, Northern Ireland who immigrated to Philadelphia in 1831 or 1832. According to the History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley, Anderson worked setting curbstones for five years in Philadelphia. While in Philadelphia, he met Jonathan Wick who brought him to Brookfield area in 1839. Anderson and Wick eventually opened a store, Anderson and Wick, in Austintown. In 1843, Anderson opened a general store in Jackson Township, which he operated for 37 years. The 1870 census listed David Anderson as the wealthiest man in Austintown Township with a real estate value of $42,000 and a personal estate value of $24,570.</p><br>
<p>Anderson and his wife, Hannah L. Shaw Anderson, had four children including William Shaw Anderson, David Fitch Anderson, Julia E. Anderson, and Margaret J. "Maggie" Anderson. After Hannah died of an accidental fall in 1879, Anderson reportedly let the Strock Stone house fall into disrepair. Donald Heffelfinger&#39;s unpublished History of the Meander says that Anderson moved to a nearby frame house that was built during the American Civil War. The Strock Stone house became an animal shelter.</p><br>
<h4>1890 to present</h4><br>
<p>In 1890, David Anderson&#39;s oldest son, William Shaw Anderson, acquired the property from his father. The younger Anderson originally used the Strock Stone house as a summer home. Anderson, who lived in the house from 1890 to 1925, was a prominent lawyer and judge in the Youngstown Court of Common Pleas. Anderson reportedly entertained President William McKinley at the house.</p><br>
<p>Anderson and his wife, Louise Shields Anderson, had four children: Blanche Anderson, William Noble Anderson, Randall H. Anderson, and Anna Anderson. Anderson restored the house and expanded it between 1912 and 1918. This addition included the sun porch, dining room, and dinette on first floor, three bedrooms and a bath on the second floor, and an enlarged cellar. Anderson also added central heat. Other buildings on the property at this time included three barns, a pump house, a poultry house, a bull barn, a log house, a milk house, an ice house, a tool house, a tool shop and a corn crib.</p><br>
<p>Andersons children, Randall H. and Blanche Anderson, acquired the Strock Stone house upon their fathers death in 1925. In 1929, they sold the house and lands to the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District (MVSD). The house served as the residence for the Chief Engineer of the MVSD until 1985.</p><br>
<h3>The Strock Stone House today</h3><br>
<p>The Austintown Historical Society maintains the Strock Stone House with help from the Mahoning Valley Sanitary District. The Society maintains and furnishes the interior using period rugs and furniture donated by residents of Austintown including a slave quilt from South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The display includes a collection of antique washing machines in the basement. The parlor contains antique furniture including an organ. One bedroom of the Strock Stone House contains period childrens games and clothing. Another room is set up as a ladys bedroom with antique clothes including a wedding dress, coats, bloomers, purses, woolen swimsuits, and a Depression sheet made from sugar sacks. The third bedroom, the mans bedroom, includes appropriate male furnishings including a mans shirt with a removable celluloid collar and collar keeper, a trunk circa 1890 from London, a wooden suitcase from Germany, and lift top commode. The fourth room, the quilting room, is furnished with an antique quilt rack complete with an antique quilt cover in the process of being made, a treadle sewing machine, a yarn winder, and a wooden ironing board accompanied by eight metal irons. The fifth bedroom, the office, includes an antique printing press, two 1920 Remington typewriters on an antique desk, five ledger books dated 1901 from local grocery stores, antique books, and pictures of early businesses in Austintown.</p><br>
<p>The back porch is arranged as a summer kitchen and includes an enamel top table; a Hoosier cabinet; an enamel wood fired stove; an antique enamel sink; antique dishes, cooking utensils and bake ware; pressure cookers and canning jars; and vintage spice and storage containers.</p><br>
<p>The house is open for free guided tours the first Sunday of every month from March-December from 1-3 and by appointment for other times.</p><br>
<p>The Levi Anderson House is a historic house in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio, United States. Located along Anderson Station Road west of the city of Chillicothe,</p><br>
<p>The oldest (rear) part of the house was built in 1826; its first resident appears to have been William Robinson (1764 - 1834), who participated in the first settlement of Ross County in 1795. William was a participant of the last deadly conflict between whites and Native Americans in Ross County while surveying the Indian homeland under the current treaty for future white development with the hope that the Natives would give up their land. The survey party was caught attempting to steal the Natives horses and the ensuing battle killed Williams half-brother Joshua (1769 - 1795) and some of the natives but resulted in the successful theft of all of the Natives property. (ref. Vol XIX Ohio Archaeological and Historical Publications, Columbus, OH, 1910 "Reminiscences of a Pioneer" by Thomas Rogers, a brother-in-law of Joshua Robinsons son and nephew of Levi Anderson and son of William Rodgers, a member of the survey group, Nov. 1871 edited by Clement L. Martzolff, pages 199 - 200) After a new treaty was made he bought approximately 300 acre of land surrounding the present house and built a log cabin on the property, becoming Union Townships first settler. The property was purchased by Levi Anderson (1790 - 1846) in 1838, who arranged for the expansion of the house and the embellishment of its interior. Responsible for the interior improvements was Levis brother Gershon Anderson (1780 - 1842); he crafted detailed woodworking, which remains to the present day.</p><br>
<p>The house itself is a brick structure, covered with weatherboarding; it rests on a foundation of sandstone and is ornamented by elements of wood and stone. Many original elements of the house survive, qualifying it for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places because of its well-preserved historic architecture. It was added to the Register in late 1976, both because of its architecture and because of its place in local exploration and settlement.</p><br>
<p>The William Marshall Anderson House is a historic house in Circleville, Ohio, United States. Walls of brick and wood, covered with an asphalt roof, are decorated with many features of this style, including ornate wooden trim and ogive windows. The house&#39;s well-preserved nineteenth-century architecture led to its placement on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It may have been designed by William Doane, a local architect who designed several schools and the Circleville City Hall.</p><br>
<p>Charles Andres House is a historic house on Middle Bass Island in Lake Erie, off the northern coast of Ohio. The house was built by winemaker Charles Andres, a German immigrant who moved to Middle Bass Island in 1854. Andres bought the 17 acre plot where he built his house in 1866, using most of the land for his vineyards. Ohio&#39;s Lake Erie islands, particularly the Bass Islands, were a major winemaking center in the nineteenth century, and most of its wineries were small operations run by German immigrants such as Andres. The two-story house has a vernacular design which incorporates elements of the Italianate and Greek Revival styles. Its design is typical of Bass Islands architecture of the era, as winemakers often put their profits toward large and attractive homes.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1995.</p><br>
<p>Ebenezer Andrews House is a historic house in Milan, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The two and a half story Greek Revival style Andrews House, located at 200 S. Main Street, is a wood frame building on a sandstone foundation. The main mass is rectangular, configured in a side hall pattern, and presents a gable end as main facade fronting Main Street. The front of the house has a pediment with a fan window and horizontal sheathing. The entablature continues the cornice of the roof. The classical entry has multi pane sidelights and a transom within engaged pilasters supporting a substantial architrave. A rear ell extension shows evidence of being built at the same time as the rest of the house. This ell contains a kitchen and porch.</p><br>
<h2>Ebenezer Andrews</h2><br>
<p>Ebenezer Andrews was a lawyer and businessperson. He was active in promoting the Milan Canal. The canal, completed in 1839, led to Milan becoming the largest grain shipping center in 1840. Andrews, an original director of the canal company, owned warehouses in Milan and speculated in grain and goods transported by canal boat. He also owned the first bank in town. Andrews served as the first Probate Judge for Erie County from its founding in 1838 to 1850 when he moved to Chicago.</p><br>
<p>Andrews built this house in 1825 as his private residence and lived there during his time in Milan. The Ebenezer Andrews House was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on July 25, 1974, at that time both the exterior and the interior were largely unchanged.</p><br>
<p>The Anna Town Hall is a historic brick town hall in Anna, Ohio, United States. Built in 1880,</p><br>
<p>Although the first settlers in the vicinity of modern Anna arrived in 1833, the village was started a quarter century later; it was platted in 1858 by landowner John W. Carey and named for his daughter, Anna Carey. Shortly after the village incorporated in 1877, the need for a community government building became apparent, and the present structure was erected on the main road from the canal town of Minster to a rail line operated by a predecessor of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In recognition of its place in local history and of its well-preserved historic architecture, the Anna Town Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The John M. Annis House is an American registered historic building, located in North Royalton, Ohio. It was listed in the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 19, 1992.</p><br>
<p>John McClintock Annis was born on February 26, 1804, in Phelps, New York, the son of Stephen and Christin Annis. Stephen (1776–1846) moved first to Phelps, New York before 1804, and then to Elyria, Ohio, where he raised his family.</p><br>
<p>John&#39;s lineage is: Stephen Annis (1776–1846), Thomas Annis (1750–1809), Daniel Annis (1711–1790), Abraham Annis (1668–1738) and Cormac Annis (1638–1717).</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Single-family detached home</p><br>
<p>Antioch Hall, North and South Halls are a group of historic buildings on the campus of Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio, United States. They were the college&#39;s three original buildings, and were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, Ohio in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Antioch Hall</h3><br>
<p>Antioch Hall (known to Antiochians as Main Building) was constructed in the 1852–53 timeframe by architect Alpheus Marshall Merrifield. It combines elements of Romanesque, Greek Revival and Gothic architectural styles, the latter being most noticeable in its towers.</p><br>
<p>It underwent a massive renovation from 1958 to 1962. This included the inset of a concrete structure inside the original building which stabilized it and insulated its interior against weather and degradation. The renovation also created four floors, instead of the previous three, and relocated its entrance from the east side to the west side.</p><br>
<p>Antioch Hall was closed along with the College in June 2008; however, while the College reopened, Antioch Hall did not. Since the campus&#39;s central Power Plant usually provided steam heating to this building and others, and because the Power Plant went offline with the general closure in 2008, Antioch Hall lacked heating which in turn led to plumbing failures and flooding in February of 2009. Some restoration has been done, the largest from a $500,000 directed grant from Yellow Springs Community Foundation in 2019, intended to tackle projects of immediate need such as reintroducing heating. But considerable additional funding is needed to bring the building back to usefulness, with estimates ranging from $7.5 million to $20 million.</p><br>
<h3>North Hall</h3><br>
<p>North Hall is an operational residence hall. Its first residents were the entering class of 1853. The project included solar panels on the building’s roof, and twenty-five 600&#39;-deep geothermal wells for heating and cooling.</p><br>
<h3>South Hall</h3><br>
<p>South Hall also opened in 1853, as the college’s men’s dormitory. Renovated in 1994, it too was damaged after closure in 2008 when a sprinkler system pipe on the fourth floor of the unheated building burst in December of that year, flooding the structure’s east end. It is the location of college offices, as well as Herndon Gallery, which is used for exhibitions and academic conferences.</p><br>
<p>Antlers Hotel is a historic hotel building in Lorain, Ohio, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places November 30, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The building sits on the southwest corner of Washington Avenue and West Erie Avenue overlooking a small city park. The four story rectangular building is 128 ft by 100 ft and has a basement. It was built in 1922 of tan brick having ornamental stone and terra cotta features in the Renaissance Revival style. A front porch is partially enclosed by bays projecting from each end of the facade. The porch features balusters and classic detailing which is also present around the windows. The 80 room hotel includes a large auditorium, lobby, restaurant space, kitchen, bar and laundry facilities. In 1982 the building had been vacant for some years and the interior had suffered significant damage, yet the exterior and structure remained intact and in good condition. It has been converted to a 40 unit apartment building.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The largest and finest hotel built in Lorain, it was constructed by the local Elks Lodge No. 1301 as a money making venture and to serve as a facility for lodge functions and activities. It opened on August 22, 1922, with 87 rooms and a 1,200 person capacity auditorium. After the 1924 Lorain–Sandusky tornado a temporary branch of the Cleveland Trust bank was opened in the hotel. One of the oldest Alcoholics Anonymous meetings started on October 22, 1941, in the Antlers Hotel. Construction of the Ohio Turnpike and Interstate 90 coupled with motels built in the suburbs led decline for the Antlers Hotel and it was vacant from mid-1974 to 1986 when it was restored.</p><br>
<h2>Modern times</h2><br>
<p>A holding company, Lorain Inc., bought the hotel in 1960 and sold it to Olimpio and Leona Giannini in 1966. Olimpio Giannini was charged (in 1967 and later convicted) with keeping a place for prostitution and a 15–year old girl was charged as a prostitute for the hotel. The hotel was boarded up from 1974 to 1985 when the city guaranteed about of low interest federal loans so Jon R. Veard could purchase and restore the building. It was opened as an apartment building in 1986 and it was maintaining near full occupancy mostly with senior residents.</p><br>
<p>Antwerp station is a historic former train station in the village of Antwerp in the far western portion of the USA state of Ohio. Built in 1880 by the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railway, Its roof features a distinctively large overhang.</p><br>
<p>When the depot was built, Antwerp was the largest community in Paulding County, due to an active logging industry. Accordingly, the depot was built to be larger than most train stations in small northwestern Ohio communities. Inside, the station is divided into several distinct areas: freight, ordinary passengers, mail and express packaging, and internal railroad offices; each possess their own rooms. Other than its size, the depot is typical of late nineteenth-century train stations in northwestern Ohio, which frequently served as commercial hubs for their communities.</p><br>
<p>After the station closed in 1976, the Antwerp Historical Society purchased it from the Norfolk and Western Railway; having no use for the station, the railroad asked the society to relocate it, and the depot was moved to its present location, approximately 2,000 ft to the west of its original site. Four years later, the depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Antwerp Norfolk and Western Depot, both because of its distinctive architecture and because of its significance in local history. This designation is unusual, for buildings that have been moved from their original locations are not normally eligible for inclusion on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The Arcade Hotel was a registered historic building in Springfield, Ohio, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The historic structure was demolished 1988 and a Courtyard by Marriott erected in its place.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Hotel</p><br>
<p>Retail</p><br>
<p>Business</p><br>
<p>Manufacturing Facility</p><br>
<p>US Post Office</p><br>
<p>Railroad Station</p><br>
<p>The Archwood Avenue Historic District is a historic residential district in the Brooklyn Centre neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, United States. Composed of houses constructed around the turn of the twentieth century, it has been one of the neighborhood&#39;s most important streets since it was established, and it was designated a historic district in 1987.</p><br>
<p>When the Village of Brooklyn was first platted, Archwood Avenue () was included as one of the villages side streets. Lots along Archwood were larger than those along other streets, and the street itself was atypically wide, so the villages largest original houses were built along the street. The Village of Brooklyn was annexed as Clevelands Old Brooklyn neighborhood in 1894, Archwood retained its significant place in the neighborhood. The streets built environment is variable: late nineteenth-century styles such as Colonial Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne are all found in the district.</p><br>
<p>Rather than being concentrated in separate pockets, the styles are mixed together: in one block, a two-story Italianate house is placed between a two-story Queen Anne and a three-story Queen Anne on a corner lot. Five of the neighborhood&#39;s residences, known as the William Coates, Weldon Davis, Oscar Kroehle, Adam Poe, and Charles Selzer Houses, are the premier buildings within the district, while a pair of apartment buildings at the 33rd Street intersection are distinguished by two separate facades with ornamental entrances.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, Archwood Avenue was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places, due to the integrity of its historic architecture. Covering 13 acre, the district includes 57 different buildings, all of which qualified for consideration as contributing properties.</p><br>
<p>Archwood United Church of Christ, formerly known as Archwood Avenue Congregational Church, is a church located at 2800 Archwood Avenue in the Brooklyn Centre neighborhood of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. The structure is the home of the Archwood United Church of Christ, one of the oldest Christian congregations in Cleveland. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Congregational Church of Brooklyn was founded in 1819. It was affiliated with both the Congregational church movement and the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. In 1867, the congregation had grown large enough to no longer need the support of the Presbyterians, and it affiliated fully with the Congregationalists. The congregation&#39;s first permanent place of worship was a wood-frame structure built about 1830 near the intersection of Pearl Road and Willowdale Avenue. It was moved to the intersection of Liberty Street (now W. 33rd Street) and Newburgh Road (now Denison Avenue) in 1851.</p><br>
<p>In 1879, the congregation constructed a brick church in the Late Gothic Revival style at the intersection of Greenwood Avenue (now Archwood Avenue) and Pearl Street (2794 Greenwood Avenue). By 1925 the congregation had grown so much that the 1,100 members approved construction of a new church building.</p><br>
<p>The new building, erected at 2800 Archwood Avenue next to the existing structure, was designed by local architect Daniel Farnham in the Colonial Revival style. It was completed in 1929. The sanctuary of the 1879 building was then razed. Parts of the 1879 structure still remain, to the rear of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<p>The Arledge Mounds are a pair of Native American mounds in the south central part of the USA state of Ohio. Located near Circleville in Pickaway County,</p><br>
<p>Most unusual is the proximity of the mounds to each other — while many groups of mounds are known in Ohio, they are not typically connected at the base as these two mounds are; only the Arledge Mounds and the McMurray Mounds, which straddled the border between Franklin and Madison counties, are known to have been conjoined. Although these mounds have not been excavated, archaeologists have proposed that they were built by the Adena culture, who are known to have built the McMurray Mounds.</p><br>
<p>As undisturbed works of the Adena or some other mound building culture, the Arledge Mounds are potentially a valuable archaeological site. In recognition of this fact, they were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Jewelers Building at 15–17 Wabash Avenue between East Monroe and East Madison Streets in the Loop community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, United States was built in 1881/82 and was designed by Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan. It is the only example of the early work of Adler & Sullivan that survives in the Loop. It is also known as the Iwan Ries Building, and the "Little" Jewelers Building to distinguish from the larger structure at 35 East Wacker Drive, which was built in 1925–27.</p><br>
<p>The building is a common loft building in construction and plan, but its facade departs dramatically from others of its type. An open exterior, using cast iron mullions rather than masonry piers in the central bay, and Sullivan&#39;s stylized floral ornament provide distinction.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 7, 1974, and was designated a Chicago Landmark on December 18, 1981. It is located in Chicago&#39;s Jewelers Row District.</p><br>
<p>The Armory–Latisona Building  is a historic armory on South Main Street in Lima, Ohio, United States. Built in 1896, it features a Victorian variant of the Romanesque Revival style of architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>After the discovery of petroleum in the vicinity of Lima in 1885, the citys population grew greatly, and the construction of commercial buildings along South Main Street proceeded at a rapid pace. Accompanying these new buildings in the southern Kibby Corners neighborhood were large numbers of frame houses erected as homes for the workers in the citys burgeoning industrial enterprises.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation</h2><br>
<p>Today, much of South Main Street and Kibby Corners languish in a state of decay. Many abandoned buildings have been demolished by the city government, and community areas such as parks and streetsides are becoming less attractive as a result of a lack of proper maintenance. Two exceptions to this process of decay are the Armory–Latisona Building and the adjacent Lima Cleaning and Pressing Company Building; these two historic buildings have been identified as key to the area&#39;s historic nature.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Armory–Latisona Building and the Lima Cleaning and Pressing Company Building were two of seventeen buildings in Lima that were added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the "Lima Multiple Resource Area." The former armory&#39;s architectural integrity was key to its inclusion in this group of properties.</p><br>
<p>The Armstrong Farm, also known as the Reber Farm, is a historic farm complex near Upper Sandusky in Crane Township, Wyandot County, Ohio, United States. Known for its association with Thomas V. Reber, a longtime president of the Wyandot County Agricultural Society, it was built in 1830.</p><br>
<p>The farmhouse, which is the central building on the farmstead, is a vernacular structure built of brick with a gabled roof of shingles. The original foundation, constructed of dry stone, has been shored up by modern concrete, although the original foundation is still visible at certain points. Among the other buildings on the property are a small summer kitchen and two garages, located just south and west of the house.</p><br>
<p>When the Armstrong Farm was founded, significant numbers of Wyandots still lived on a reservation in the vicinity of Upper Sandusky; the farm&#39;s early inhabitants were distinguished by their relations with the Wyandots.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, the Armstrong Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It qualified for inclusion because of its place in local history, because of its connection to the leading Reber and Armstrong families, and because of its unusually well-preserved historic architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Arnold Homestead is a historic homestead in the city of Huber Heights, a suburb of Dayton, Ohio, United States. Formed at the turn of the nineteenth century, it centers on an 1830s farmhouse that was built for an immigrant family from Virginia.</p><br>
<p>A native of present-day West Virginia, Daniel Arnold sold his farm and brought his wife Catherine and five children to settle in present-day Huber Heights in the early nineteenth century. Members of the Dunkard Brethren Church, they typified the German immigrant church&#39;s gradual movement westward as it gradually integrated with American society. After renting land over their first winter, Arnold bought the present farmstead from Henry Harshberger and occupied it for the remnant of his life. The family used a log cabin during their first years at the site before significantly improving their lives by constructing the present house in 1835.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick, the farmhouse rests on a stone foundation, is topped by an asphalt roof, and features additional elements of wood and asphalt. The basic plan is a simple two-story rectangle, wider than its length, with windowless ends that rise to chimney-topped gables. An extension, most of the width of the house, is attached to the rear, while a porch occupies the ell. Three windows pierce the second story on the facade, while the main entrance sits at the center of the first story between one window on either side. A small porch with a shed roof shelters the entrance. Besides the farmhouse, the complex includes a cemetery and six outbuildings, including the original log cabin and a bank barn.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Arnold farmstead is the core of Carriage Hill MetroPark. The farmhouse is operated as a historic house museum, staffed by individuals costumed as nineteenth-century farmers, while other parts of the farmstead are operated for ancillary purposes. The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, qualifying both because of its place in local history and because of Daniel Arnolds significance in the areas settlement. It is one of four Huber Heights locations on the Register, along with the Ausenbaugh-McElhenny House, the Taylorsville Canal Inn (demolished), and Lock Seventy on the Miami and Erie Canal.</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Mansion, sometimes known as the Snowden-Long House, New Birmingham, or simply Montpelier, Built by Major Thomas Snowden and his wife Anne, the house is now a National Historic Landmark operated as a house museum. The home and 70 acre remain of what was once a slave plantation of about 9,000 acre.</p><br>
<p>It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1970, primarily for its architecture.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Richard Snowden originally migrated to America in 1658 from Birmingham, England, where his family had settled for many years after originating in Wales. Richard the immigrant had a son, Richard (1719–1753), who had a son, Richard the "iron master" (d. 1763). Richard the iron master acquired much wealth through an iron forge, mining local iron. so called because of his service in the American Revolution. Major Thomas married Anne Ridgely, who was raised at an earlier estate named Montpelier in Fulton, Maryland, and built the Mansion circa 1783.</p><br>
<p>Their son Nicholas Snowden, who had been born at the mansion in 1786, was its next owner, until he died in 1831. (His son Nicholas N. Snowden, also born at the mansion, became a farmer next to Avondale Mill, and died at Manassas while serving in the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA.) The home then passed to Nicholas daughter Julianna Maria who married Dr. Theodore Jenkins there in 1835. Dr. Jenkins died in 1866 and upon Mrs. Jenkins later death, the mansion passed to her children who kept ownership in the family until 1890. The home was later owned by speculative investors W.P. Davis and Martin W. Chollar. In 1895, it was sold to Josephine D. Taylor of New York as a summer home. Its title went to Lewis H. Blakeman of New York in 1900, then to New York writer Edmund H. Pendleton who lived there from 1905 until his death in 1910, having made it his winter home. Pendleton&#39;s estate sold the mansion to Otto V. von Schrader in 1911.</p><br>
<p>After a succession of other owners, mansion ownership transferred in 1928 to Breckinridge Long, Undersecretary of State under Franklin D. Roosevelt and United States Ambassador to Italy from 1933 to 1936. Longs daughter Christine L. Willcox, the mansions last private owner, donated the property to the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in 1961. It was shown to the public as part of the USA Bicentennial celebrations in 1976. The same year, a barn budgeted to become a public arts center was destroyed by arson. The Mansion was renovated in the 1980s with funds from a state grant. The historic home was opened as a public tourist attraction in 1985, reflecting its ownership by Nicholas Snowden in 1830. The mansion can be rented for conferences and weddings and the grounds serve as a cultural center, hosting special exhibitions and performances.</p><br>
<h2>Famous visitors</h2><br>
<p>Abigail Adams</p><br>
<p>Franklin D. Roosevelt</p><br>
<p>George Washington, at least twice (May and September 1787) on his way to and from Philadelphia as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention</p><br>
<p>Martha Washington, on the way to her husband&#39;s first presidential inauguration in 1789</p><br>
<p>Woodrow Wilson</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Montpelier is a five-part Georgian country house with a central block and flanking end pavilions connected to the main block by hyphens. The two-story central block has a five-bay elevation, with a projecting three-bay pavilion topped by a pediment. The hipped roof features large projecting chimneys emerging about halfway up the roofline. The front and rear doors are similar in character, with flanking pilasters and an open pediment The interior features carved woodwork. The paneling in the drawing room conceals a secret doorway leading to a set of stairs.</p><br>
<p>In 1970, the house was set in formal gardens. Three terraces were outlined in boxwood hedges and arranged as an allée. A boxwood maze near the south wing was stated to be more than 200 years old. Most of the boxwood hedges have since been removed. A hexagonal eighteenth-century summerhouse is located at the end of the allée.</p><br>
<p>Montpellier Mansion.jpgMontpelier in May 2007</p><br>
<p>Montpellier_Summer_House.jpgThe Montpelier Summer House in May 2007</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Gardens 13.jpgThe Gardens at Montpelier</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Gardens 140.jpgThe Gardens at Montpelier</p><br>
<p>Montpelier Gardens 15.jpgThe Gardens at Montpelier</p><br>
<p>The Historic Track  is a half-mile  harness racing track in Goshen, New York. It was opened in 1838 and has been in operation ever since, the oldest continuously operated horse racing track in North America.</p><br>
<p>Informal horse races had been held along neighboring Main Street, now part of NY 207, since the 1750s. The current track site was first used in 1838 when a ⅓-mile (530 m) circle around a circus ground near the south end of the track was cleared and prepared for regular racing. Later it would be succeeded by an oval track perpendicular to the current one, then a long square track around the whole site, until the current track was built in 1873.</p><br>
<p>In June 1873, Ulysses Grant, then President of the United States, attended races at the track as he was in town to check on the two children of the late John Aaron Rawlins, for whom Grant served as legal guardian.</p><br>
<p>Regular events were held at the track until the late 1970s, when the parimutuel machines were taken out. Today the track operates a three day racing festival around the July 4th weekend, and more recently an additional day of racing around Labor Day.</p><br>
<p>The track was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1966 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Historic Track later in the same year, when the National Register was created. In 1980, it was identified as a contributing property to the Church Park Historic District. The Harness Racing Museum & Hall of Fame, run by a separate organization, is located nearby.</p><br>
<p>In 2017 a fire, possibly started in the blacksmith&#39;s shop, destroyed some of the barns and stables on the property. The horses housed in them were saved; the blaze did not affect the grandstand or any of the other buildings on the property. Replacement barns for those that burned were dedicated in 2019.</p><br>
<p>The Wyckoff House, or Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House, is a historic house at 5816 Clarendon Road in the Canarsie neighborhood of Brooklyn in New York City, within Milton Fidler Park.</p><br>
<p>It is situated on land that New Netherland director general Wouter van Twiller purchased from the Lenape natives in approximately 1636. The house was one of several that Van Twiller ordered to be built before he was recalled to the Netherlands by 1640. It is estimated to have been built before 1641. Pieter Claesen Wyckoff&#39;s family moved in around 1652. The house is one of the oldest surviving examples of a Dutch frame house in America, and it was one of the first structures built by settlers on Long Island. The majority of the current structure was added in the 19th century, with the small kitchen section dating back to the 18th century.</p><br>
<p>It is owned by New York City but is operated by The Wyckoff House & Association. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1967 and is a New York City designated landmark.</p><br>
<p>The Elkanah Watson House is a historic house at Lake and South Streets in Port Kent, New York. Built in 1828, it was the home of Elkanah Watson , a businessman and diplomat best known for founding and promoting the idea of agricultural fairs. This house, still a private residence, was his home until his death. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Elkanah Watson House stands overlooking Lake Champlain to the east, at the southwest corner of Lake and South Streets in the village of Port Kent. It is a basically square two-story masonry structure, built out of ashlar granite. It is covered by a truncated hip roof with a square belvedere at its center. Its front facade is five bays wide, with the center three sheltered by a two-story projecting portico with round columns supporting a pedimented gable. There are distinctive round windows on the ground floor in the outer bays. A porte-cochere of similar design but only a single story in height projects from the center of the south facade.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1828 to a design by Sheldon & Merritt. It was constructed under the supervision of Charles Watson as the residence of his father, Elkanah Watson. It was the centerpiece of Watsons 5,000-acre property on the lake, of which pieces were later sold off for development. He occupied the house in May 1828 and also operated a farm on his property. The house was later the residence of Winslow C. Watson, one of his sons and a historian who completed Elkanahs autobiography. Elkanah Watson is buried in the family cemetery located near the house. Most outbuildings from the time the property was a working farm have been removed.</p><br>
<p>Elkanah Watson was a Revolutionary-era diplomat, banker and businessman, and an early promoter of canals in New York State. He is best known as the founder of the agricultural fair, which he developed to stimulate competition and best practices. He developed this idea while living in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, out of an incident where he tethered two merino sheep to a tree on the town common. The then-unusual animals drew a great deal of attention, prompting Watson to develop the idea of a broader fair, at which animals could be exhibited, and agricultural methods and practices could be shared. The first fair was held in Pittsfield in 1810.</p><br>
<p>Arrowston is a historic estate in the city of Piqua, Ohio, United States. Built at the end of the nineteenth century for a local industrialist, it has been named a historic site.</p><br>
<p>As the president of the Favorite Stove and Range Company, William K. Boal headed Piqua&#39;s largest industrial employer during the Gilded Age and early twentieth century. He and his wife arranged for the construction of the house at Arrowston in 1887, but it was only home to them for about a decade: Mrs. Boal was deeply shaken by the death of one of their sons and no longer desired to live in their mansion, and they moved to a residence in central Piqua in 1898. Later owners expanded the property in 1929, creating a large estate around the house: the newly expanded property included the construction of a lake and canal, as well as extensive other landscape architecture. No major changes have been made to the landscaping since 1929.</p><br>
<p>Arrowston&#39;s main house is a three-story building in the Georgian Revival style of architecture. Numerous Neoclassical influences are obvious, ranging from grand themes to small details: the careful symmetry of the whole design, its size in comparison to its surroundings, and the hip roof are typical of the style, as are details such as its ornate cornice, the pilasters, and the conventional double-hung windows. Both weatherboarding and brick are employed in the walls, which rest on a stone foundation and support a tiled roof. Multiple dormers rise from the walls: the eaves at the bottom of the roof extend past the walls, which in some points are extended above the roof, causing the latter to appear notched. Numerous windows are equipped with shutters, while the roof is gabled. Large chimneys form the highest points of the house.</p><br>
<p>Today, Arrowston is surrounded by modern subdivisions, but its extensive landscaping distinguish it easily from the newer neighborhoods around it. Its design is significant to the point that it has been given federal historic site status, being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in early 1980 because of its architecture; besides the house, the designation embraces seven outbuildings and a pair of related structures. It is one of four National Register-listed locations in Piqua, along with the Fort Piqua Hotel, the Piqua High School, and the Piqua-Caldwell Historic District.</p><br>
<p>John Artz Farmhouse is a historic building located at 5125 Duffy Road Berne, Ohio near Lancaster.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The farmhouse is a two-story brick building with a gable front and two story wing illustrating the transition between the Greek Revival and Italianate styles. The front gable has a plain entablature with returning cornice at the top. The double hung four over four window display Italianate influences with segmental arches and brick voussoirs. Sidelights flank the wood panel door. Interior features are well preserved and include a central staircase with turned balusters, large wood fireplace mantles and wood trim. This trim is constructed of cherry and walnut wood and the flooring is hardwood chestnut. Many of the farmhouse&#39;s thirty-three window retain original glazing.</p><br>
<p>The property the house occupies was obtained by Jacob Artz in 1818 not long after he came to Fairfield County from Rockingham County, Virginia. He built a log cabin on the property, then spring and smoke houses. His son John Artz built the farmhouse between 1857 and 1860. He occupied the farmhouse from its construction until 1895. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on April 23, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Ashland Avenue Baptist Church is a registered historic church building in Toledo, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ashland Avenue Baptist Church was organized in 1886 by a group of Sunday School workers. The building was designed by architect David L. Stine and dedicated in 1896. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1980. In 2005 the congregation voted to sell the building to Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church, and moved first to Holland, Ohio then to Oregon, Ohio where it is now called Ashland Church.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula County Courthouse Group is a registered historic district in Jefferson, Ohio, listed in the National Register in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ashtabula County Courthouse Group is a cluster of buildings built at various times in the history of the county. The center of the district and the oldest building is the 1850 courthouse designed in the popular Italianate style so prevalent in the Victorian era. The courthouse was once the only building in this group, but the increasing population and confined spaces forced the county to develop the area into a judicial and administrative campus.</p><br>
<p>Ashtabula County was settled around 1796 and was part of the Connecticut Western Reserve of the Northwest Territory. The county was officially established by the Ohio General Assembly in 1807 with the county seat located in Jefferson. A courthouse was constructed around the same time and was completed in 1811. The building was two stories high and was a simple brick structure. This building lasted until 1836 when it was razed for the construction of a new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The second courthouse was designed by architect Willis Smith from Kinsman. The structure is basically the same in appearance as the courthouse still standing. A fire burnt some of the structure in 1850 and it was rebuilt mostly true to the original design, although the dormers piercing the roofline were removed. It was around this time that the row house known as Lawyers Row was built.</p><br>
<p>The growing population soon demanded a more spacious courthouse and instead of demolishing the 1850 courthouse, a new one was built to house the probate court in 1870, while the county courts and administration remained in the old courthouse.</p><br>
<p>In 1960 the county was again faced with the challenge of providing more room for the county government. The county decided on building a new structure. This new courthouse is a glass and masonry building with a Justice Center addition built in the 1970s.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The district contains 4 contributing buildings:</p><br>
<h3>Old Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The courthouse is located at the corner of North Chestnut and West Jefferson Streets and was completed in 1850. The building was built on the framework of an earlier courthouse from 1836 which was destroyed by a fire. The courthouse is designed in the Italianate style and is built with red brick and stone. Long rectangle windows with white trim dot the walls. The hipped roof contains several dormers for extra light to the top floor. A tower projects from the facade on Jefferson Street and houses the entrance framed by four columns with exaggerated bulbous bases. The tower is crowned with a decorative cap consisting of spires and a mansard roof. The courthouse once housed all of the county offices but after several additions the courthouse houses the county administrative offices. The County Commissioners now use old Probate Courtroom for an office and hearing room.</p><br>
<h3>New Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>An addition is located behind the courthouse and was built in 1960 by architects Kujala and Koski. The building is built with red brick with white window and door trim matching the original courthouse. This building is now considered as the official county courthouse.</p><br>
<h3>Justice Center</h3><br>
<p>Around the same time the International style Justice Center was also constructed on the property. The Justice Center houses the police departments and sheriff offices. The building is also built with red brick with white door and window trim, with a projected entrance tower. The tower is three stories and is topped with an arched roof with large rectangular windows to illuminate the entrance bay below. Large glass walls connect the entrance projection to the rest of the building. The flat roof is hidden behind a solid balustrade.</p><br>
<h3>Lawyers Row</h3><br>
<p>A long building rests beside the old courthouse and divides the property in half. This building is known as Lawyers Row and resembles a train station. The building is white painted wood construction with large windows and deep overhanging eaves with brackets. A "boardwalk" spans the entire length of the building connecting the offices together.</p><br>
<h2>Historic uses</h2><br>
<p>Professional</p><br>
<p>Courthouse</p><br>
